Overview
On 20 December 2021, the OECD published the highly anticipated "Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) Model Rules" regarding Pillar Two, which is part of the two pillar solution developed by the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework. The regime aims to ensure a global minimum tax of 15% for large Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) with annual revenues above EUR 750 million. The model rules constitute the next substantial specification of the Blueprint published in October 2020 and are intended to provide a template for the transfer of the global minimum tax concept into domestic law.
These GloBE rules form the core of Pillar Two, which is a coordinated system of a multitude of interlocking provisions intended to ensure a global minimum tax of 15% through a subsidiary allocation of the right of taxation to foreign states. In addition to administrative and scope-related considerations, two aspects in particular must be differentiated conceptually:
- Provisions to ensure a uniform tax assessment and identify low-taxed jurisdictions (Computation of top-up tax);
- Provisions to levy top-up tax and thereby ensure a minimum level of taxation (either by applying the Income Inclusion Rule [IIR] or the Undertaxed Payment Rule [UTPR]).
Computation of Top-up Tax
The step-by-step procedure for calculating the top-up tax is as follows:
Step-by-Step Procedure to Compute Top-up Tax of a Constituent Entity (CE)
|
| Step 1 |
Determination Covered Taxes per CE |
Computation of Adjusted Covered Taxes |
| Step 2 |
Adjustments to Covered Taxes |
| Step 3 |
Determination of GloBE Income or Loss per CE |
Computation of Adjusted GloBE Income or Loss |
| Step 4 |
Adjustments to GloBE Income or Loss |
| Step 5 |
Aggregating Adjusted Covered Taxes per jurisdiction |
Jurisdictional blending |
| Step 6 |
Net GloBE Income = Aggregating Adjusted GloBE Income and Adjusted GloBE Loss per jurisdiction |
| Step 7 |
GloBE ETR = Total of Adjusted Covered Taxes divided by Net GloBe Income |
Computation of GloBE ETR |
| Step 8 |
Top-up Tax Percentage = Minimum Rate (15%) minus GloBE ETR |
Computation of Top-up Tax |
| Step 9 |
Excess Profit = Net GloBE Income minus Substance-based Income Exclusion (Carve-out) |
| Step 10 |
Jurisdictional Top-up Tax = (Top-up Tax Percentage multiplied by Excess Profit) plus Additional Current Top-up Tax minus Domestic Top-up Tax. |
| Step 11 |
Top-up Tax of a CE = Jurisdictional Top-up Tax multiplied by GloBE Income of a CE divided by Aggregate GloBE Income of all CE's |
| Top-up Tax |
Extent of existing under-taxation (in terms of amount or percentage) |
| Additional Current Top-up Tax |
Correction due to adjustment of the top-up tax calculation in previous years |
| Domestic Top-up Tax |
National surtax to achieve minimum tax or prevent top-up tax. |
Future MME blog entries will examine the individual steps and other issues in connection with the introduction of Pillar Two in more detail.
Recommended action for companies
In view of the ambitious timetable that envisages implementation in 2023 respectively 2024 (for the UTPR), it is crucial for internationally operating MNEs to identify if and to what extent they will be impacted by Pillar Two. Our team would be glad to assist you. We look forward to hearing from you.
Further Information
GloBe Model Rules
Model Rules Fact Sheets
Overview Two Pillar Solution
Blueprint Pillar One and Two
